YulChia
New Member
Posts: 8
Status: Offline
Joined:
pm | On Human Nature (17th Nov 22 at 6:34am UTC)
On Human Nature | | | Learning and playing are essential to acquiring the skills to use tools, and if 2-year-old chimps lose the chance to play with branches, their ability to solve problems with branches will be reduced accordingly. Young chimpanzees under supervision can increase their proficiency by playing with these objects. Chimpanzees under the age of 2 generally simply touch and hold them, and do not want to play with them. As they grow older, they more often use them to hit and tickle other chimpanzees. At the same time, the use of tools to solve problems is improving, as is the case with wild orangutans in Africa. At the age of six weeks, the young chimpanzees are already reaching out from their mother's arms to play with leaves and branches. The older ones are constantly using their eyes, lips, tongue, nose and hands to test the environment. From time to time, they also pick leaves and wave them around. At this stage of development, they gradually develop the habit of using tools. Eight-month-old chimps can sometimes be seen putting grass stalks in their toys for a specific purpose-beating rocks or mothers. This behavior is uniquely related to the "fishing" behavior of termites,caustic calcined magnesite, which is used to stimulate termites to climb up grass stems and then quickly eat or lick them. Usually when they play, they tear off the broad leaves on the grass stems, bite off both ends, and use the grass stems as hooks. Jane Goodall has direct evidence that orangutans teach these imitations. She noticed that when the adult orangutan used the tool, the baby watched and picked it up after the gorilla left. She has twice watched a 3-year-old gorilla intently watch its mother wipe its bottom with leaves,Magnesium Oxide MgO, and then pick up the leaves to imitate, although its bottom is clean. Chimpanzees can invent and teach technology. A good example is the use of a branch to pry open a food box. This method was invented by one or more orangutans in the Gombe River Reserve, and apparently spread through the community through imitation. A new female in the area hid in the bushes to watch other orangutans open the box. On her fourth visit, she came out of the bushes, picked up a branch, and began to pry up the box as well. Tool use in Africa is limited to a limited number of chimpanzees, but it's so widespread there that if the behavior has reached cultural transmission, it's exactly the pattern we expect. Spanish zoologist George Pi's recent map of the distribution of tool use by chimpanzees may have made its way unobtrusively into the chapter on primitive culture in anthropology textbooks. Although most of the evidence for the invention and spread of tool use is indirect, it suggests that apes have crossed the threshold of cultural evolution. They have entered human territory. This account of chimpanzee life is meant to confirm my basic point about the human condition: that, according to common evolutionary standards and the leading standards of psychology, Magnesium Sulphate price ,diammonium phosphate fertilizer, humans are not alone. We have a sibling species that combines the common ground between human and chimpanzee social behavior with the fascinating anatomical and biochemical discoveries of genetic diversity that have been made in recent years. It forms a series of very powerful proofs, which can no longer be regarded as accidental coincidence. I now believe that these commonalities arise, at least in part, from the same genes. If there is any truth in this view, it is all the more urgent to protect chimpanzees, other great apes, as well as Old World monkeys and lower primates, and to study them in more detail in the future. A more thorough understanding of these animals can provide a clear picture of how genes have gradually changed to reach the unique level of evolution of human beings. On the whole, the argument can be summed up as follows: when the general character of human nature is compared with the vast background of all other living things, its general characteristics seem limited and unique, but more evidence shows that, as predicted by the general theory of evolution, the more general form of human behavior is the same as that of mammals, and even more specifically primate characteristics. In the details of social life, chimpanzees are very close to us, and in some aspects of intellectual characteristics, they can even be compared with humans. In the past, however, such comparisons were considered entirely inappropriate. These facts were consistent with the assumption that human social behavior is based on heredity. Rather, human social behavior is formed by a combination of genes shared by species closely related to human beings and those specific to human beings. These facts contradict another hypothesis that has long dominated social and scientific research: that humans have finally broken free from the control of their genes to the extent that they are only conditioned by culture. Let us continue to explore the question systematically. The core of the genetic hypothesis comes directly from the neo-Darwinian view of evolution, which holds that the characteristics of human nature are adaptive during human evolution, so that genes are dispersed among populations able to develop those characteristics. Adaptability means that people who exhibit this trait have a greater chance of passing on their genes to the next generation than those who do not. In this strictest sense, the differential advantage between individuals is called genetic adaptation, which has three basic elements: (1) increased viability of the individual; (2) increased fecundity of the individual; and (3) increased viability and fecundity of close relatives who share the same genes from a common ancestor. Improvements in any of these three factors, or any combination of them, can lead to genes with greater fitness. Darwin called this process natural selection, describing a tight circle of cause and effect. If a gene predisposes an individual to a certain characteristic, such as a certain social response, then that characteristic will lead to greater fitness. This gene will be more prominent in the next generation. If natural selection continues for many generations, the dominant genes spread throughout the population, and the trait becomes a species-specific one,magnesium sulfate monohydrate, from which many sociobiologists, anthropologists, and others infer that human nature is shaped by natural selection. stargrace-magnesite.com | |
|
